![]() We will highlight a few of the biomolecule categories here, including: Figure 3. In biological organisms there are some important categories of molecules (called biomolecules) that are found in all forms of life. One of the simplest molecules you may be familiar with is water, a molecule in which two hydrogen atoms are bound to an oxygen atom. The way these atoms are arranged into molecules impacts their properties and functions. When two or more atoms of the same or different elements bond together they form molecules. The electrons of one atom can interact with electrons of other atoms and form chemical bonds. An atom contains a nucleus with positive and uncharged particles ( protons and neutrons, respectively), and has negatively charged electrons that circle the nucleus. An atom is the smallest portion of an element that has the properties of that element. One tiny piece of an element is called an atom. So we’ve learned in the last 50 years that, of course, not only do we exist in this universe, it is the universe itself that exists within us.” … What are we made of?… The fact that you rank the atoms in the human body, with the exception of helium, which is chemically inert…(look at the top ingredients of the human body)… matches the universe. The bodies of most animals (all except sponges) are made up of cells organized into. ![]() When you look at the ingredients of the universe the #1 ingredient is hydrogen, next is helium…oxygen, carbon nitrogen. Animal cells lack the rigid cell walls that characterize plant cells. Animals, plants, fungi, protozoans, and algae all possess eukaryotic cell types. Based on the organization of their cellular structures, all living cells can be divided into two groups: prokaryotic and eukaryotic (also spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). Figure 3.3 The main elements that compose the human body are shown from most abundant. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. These most common biological elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Astronomer Neil DeGrasse Tyson speaks about the beauty of what we are made of in this video: However, out of those 94 elements, the vast majority (over 98) of the human body (and the bodies of other plants and animals) is made up of only 6 of them.
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